油菜防御酶系对芸薹根肿菌毒素诱导的响应

为探讨油菜防御酶系对芸薹根肿菌毒素诱导的响应,分别用不同体积分数(10%,25%,50%,85%,100%)的芸薹根肿菌粗毒素处理油菜幼苗,测定其对油菜叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的影响.结果表明,经毒素处理一定时间,POD、SOD和PPO活性均有不同程度提高,且高浓度毒素处理的酶活呈先升后降的趋势;其中POD活性在48 h时达到最大值,为对照的4.20倍;SOD和PPO活性均在72 h时达到最大值,分别为对照的1.83和7.00倍;CAT和PAL活性呈先降后升的趋势,二者均在72 h时出现活性最高峰,分别为对照的3.52和6.75倍.本试验表明,根肿菌粗毒素可诱导提高油菜叶片5种防御酶活性抵抗毒素的侵害.     

镉胁迫对不同小麦品种生理特性及抗氧化酶类活性的影响

以小麦品种川育12, 川麦42, 川麦47和小观542为材料, 生长15 d后用200 μmol/L CdCl2水培小麦幼苗, 研究镉(Cd)胁迫对不同品种小麦幼苗抗氧化酶类活性的影响. 结果表明, Cd胁迫4 d的情况下, 四个小麦品种的抗氧化酶类活性没有受到较大影响, 品种间也无明显区别. 但在Cd胁迫8 d时, 川育12受镉胁迫最为严重, 生长最差, 丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高, 电导率也大幅度上升, 抗氧化酶类活性也受到不同程度的影响, 超氧化物歧化物(SOD), 过氧化物酶(POD), 抗坏血     

Precursors to regulatory peptides: their proteolytic processing

Summary Precursors to regulatory peptides undergo maturation processes which include protelytic processing. The enzymes involved in this process remove the hydrophobic peptide located at the amino-terminus of the precursor. Endoprotease cleavage also occurs at single and two adjacent basic residues, this is followed by a removal of basic residues located at the C-terminus of the peptides by a carboxypeptidase-like enzyme.     

Hummingbird flight: Sustaining the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among vertebrates

Resting and maximal mass-specific metabolic rates scale inversely with body mass. Small hummingbirds achieve the highest known mass-specific metabolic rates among vertebrate homeotherms. Maximal capacities for O₂ and substrate delivery to muscle mitochondria, as well as mitochondrial oxidative capacities in these animals may be at the upper limits of what are structurally and functionally possible given the constraints inherent in vertebrate design. Such constraints on the evolutionary design of functional capacities may play an important role in determining the lower limits to vertebrate homeotherm size and the upper limits to mass-specific metabolic rate.     

Debriding ability of a novel multi-enzyme preparation isolated from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba)

Summary The wound-debriding activity of various types of proteolytic enzymes and proteases from Antarctic krill (multi-enzyme system consisting of both endo- and exopeptidases) was evaluated. The results, based on the enzymatically acieved weight reduction of a necrotic animal material (excised rat skin) in vitro, clearly showed that the multi-enzyme system (krill) had a higher degrading activity than the single enzyme preparation, or that with only a few enzymes. The debriding effect of the krill enzymes was markedly related to the enzyme concentration, resulting in 70–100% substrate degradation after 24 h. The digesting capacity of trypsin reached about 50%, but an increase in concentration of this enzyme did not substantially influence its overall activity. The effect of streptokinase-streptodornase, collagenase and plasmin-desoxyribonuclease was weak (10–20% digested).     

Plasma and hepatic antioxidant control and vitamin A nutritional status

Twenty-seven rats were divided into three groups and fed on diets containing 0.3, 6 or 60 RE (retinol equivalent) retinyl palmitate/g food. After 7 weeks, hepatic vitamin A uptake was found to be more efficient in vitamin A-deficient rats than in rats given adequate vitamin A. We showed that during the metabolic adaptation of the animals to the level of vitamin A in the diet, extensive modifications occur in the antioxidant defences of the organism. In parallel with the increase in the level of vitamin A, the decrease in the level of -tocopherol in the plasma can bring about a greater susceptibility of the lipoproteins to oxidative stress. Similarly, the decrease in the hepatic -tocopherol level and in glutathione peroxidase activity leads to the weakening of the liver's antioxidant defences.     

Glutathione-related enzyme activities in pregnant rat liver

Summary The levels of GSH-related enzyme activities during pregnancy were determined. A significant increase in Selenium-dependent GSH peroxidase and GSH S-transferase E activity was observed. A concomitant increase in -glutamylcysteine synthetase was measured, which indicated an increased ability to synthesize the tripeptide.     

施用生石灰对土壤酶活性及大豆产量的影响

在酸性土壤上施用生石灰对土壤酶活性及大豆产量的影响初步研究表明,在大豆各生育期内酸性磷酸酶和转化酶活性随土壤酸性变弱而受到抑制,而脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性却增强,大豆产量呈现出随生石灰施入量的增加而增加的趋势,各处理与对照相比增产1.0%~9.5%。经土壤酶活性与大豆产量的相关分析得出,酸性土壤改良后土壤酶活性提高,在酸性较强的土壤上种植大豆,施肥时配合一定量的生石灰对提高土壤肥力、增加大豆产量有良好的促进作用,但在实际生产中的施用量要根据具体情况而定。     

Endocrine and environmental aspects of sex differentiation in fish

This paper reviews the current knowledge concerning the endocrine and environmental regulations of both gonadal sex differentiation in gonochoristic and sex inversion in hermaphroditic fish. Within the central nervous system, gonadotropins seem to play a role in triggering sex inversion in hermaphroditic fish. In gonochorists, although potentially active around this period, the hypothalamo-pituitary axis is probably not involved in triggering sex differentiation. Although steroids and steroidogenic enzymes are probably not the initial triggers of sex differentiation, new data, including molecular approaches, have confirmed that they are key physiological steps in the regulation of this process. Environmental factors can strongly influence sex differentiation and sex inversion in gonochoristic and hermaphroditic fish, respectively. The most important environmental determinant of sex would appear to be temperature in the former species, and social factors in the latter. Interactions between environmental factors and genotype have been suggested for both gonochoristic and hermaphroditic fish.     

生物炭对镉污染土壤中紫花地丁的生长及生理生态的影响

该文选用玉米秸秆生物炭,通过盆栽模拟在镉污染土壤中施加生物炭并栽培紫花地丁(Viola philip-pica),研究生物炭不同施加量对紫花地丁生长及生理生态的影响.研究结果表明:在室内培养45 d后,在未施加生物炭的镉污染土壤中,紫花地丁的株高、鲜质量和叶绿素含量等指标随镉在土壤中质量分数的增加而显著降低(P<0.0...